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为改善碳纤维增强树脂基(CFRP)复合材料的低电导率,实现复合材料飞机的雷击防护,同时解决传统冷喷涂技术在非金属表面沉积机理不明的问题,本研究提出金属‑环氧双相中间层(Cu‑环氧或 Al‑环氧)这一概念,并通过真空辅助树脂注塑工艺制备双相中间层嵌入的 CFRP 复合材料基体,结合冷喷涂技术和有限元方法探究了不同金属粉末(Al、Sn、Zn)低压冷喷在两种复合材料体系上的沉积和侵蚀机理。结果表明:颗粒冲击下环氧基体的固有脆性使其产生树脂开裂、颗粒/环氧界面失效及金属颗粒脱粘等现象;热固性基体的损伤导致 Al、Zn 颗粒难以形成连续涂层,Sn 颗粒因熔点低发生局部熔化而形成了连续薄层;与 Al‑环氧体系相比,Cu‑环氧体系更有利于金属涂层的沉积。研究结果从基体表面调控、沉积工艺和机理分析的角度,为 CFRP 结构冷喷涂金属涂层的优化设计提供了理论和参考依据。
Abstract:To improve the low electrical conductivity of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites, achieve lightning strike protection of composite aircrafts, and address the unclear deposition mechanisms of conventional cold spraying on non-metallic substrates, this study proposes a concept of metal-epoxy dual-phase interlayer (Cu‑epoxy or Al‑epoxy), which is embedded onto the CFRP substrate via the Vacuum-Assisted Resin Infusion process. Combining with cold spray technique and finite element numerical analysis, the deposition and erosion mechanisms of low‑pressure cold spraying different metal powders (Al, Sn, Zn) on two composite material systems are investigated. Results show that upon the impact of metallic particles, the inherent brittleness of epoxy matrix leads to resin cracking, particle/epoxy interfacial failure, and particle detachment. Damage of thermosetting matrix makes it difficult for Al and Zn particles to form continuous coatings, whereas Sn particles form a continuous thin layer due to localized melting induced by their low melting point. Compared with Al-epoxy system,Cu-epoxy system is more favorable for metallic coating deposition. The findings provide a theoretical and reference basis for the optimization and design of metallization of CFRP structures via cold spray,from the perspectives of substrate surface tailoring, deposition process, and mechanism analysis.
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基本信息:
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2097-017X.2026.05.007
引用信息:
[1]张腾 ,束长朋,彭雄奇.Al、Sn、Zn 粉末冷喷涂碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料的机理研究[J],2026,(05):70-78.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2097-017X.2026.05.007.
2026-07-14
2026
2026-09-15