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连续碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅(SiCf/SiC)复合材料是航空发动机热端部件的关键候选材料,其在高温、高水氧分压环境下的疲劳可靠性是制约其应用的核心难题。本文针对熔融渗硅(MI)工艺制备的 SiCf/SiC 复合材料,利用自主搭建的多场耦合试验平台,研究了其在 1200 ℃高温大气及水氧环境中的拉‑拉疲劳行为与失效机理。结果表明,水蒸气对材料疲劳性能具有灾难性影响:在 150 MPa 应力下,疲劳寿命从大气环境中的平均 4.84×10⁶次骤降至水氧环境中的 2.09×10⁵次。对比不同环境下测试的试样断口,发现在高温大气中损伤机制以基体开裂及后续界面氧化为主;而在水氧环境中,失效机制发生根本转变,水蒸气引发氮化硼(BN)界面相的挥发性腐蚀,导致界面层被“掏空”及纤维与基体物理分离,从而瓦解了材料的增韧机制。进一步分析不同应力水平下的试样断口,揭示了应力水平对寿命的影响机制,即应力水平决定 SiCf/SiC 复合材料的基体开裂程度,改变水氧介质向材料内部的侵入速率,进而影响材料内部组分的氧化侵蚀,最终影响材料寿命。本研究为深入理解该材料在极端环境下的失效机理、建立寿命模型及优化环境障涂层设计提供了重要依据。
Abstract:Continuous silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon carbide (SiCf/SiC) composites are key materials for hot-end components in aeroengines. The fatigue reliability under environment with high temperature and high partial pressure of water vapor oxygen remains a core challenge limiting their application. In this paper, the tensile-tensile fatigue behavior and failure mechanism of SiCf/SiC composites prepared by melt infiltration (MI) are systematically investigated using a self-developed multi-field coupling test platform at 1200 °C in both high-temperature air and water-oxygen environments. The experimental results show that water vapor has a catastrophic effect on the fatigue performance of the material. The average fatigue life of the SiCf/SiC composites in air dropped sharply from 4.84×10⁶ cyclesto only 2.09×10⁵ cycles in water-oxygen environment under the stress of 150 MPa. Fracture analysis was conducted on specimens tested under different environments. It is found that the damage mechanism is dominated by matrix cracking followed by subsequent oxidation of interphases in high-temperature atmospheric conditions. In contrast, in a water-vapor environment, the failure mechanism experiences a fundamental transformation. The water vapor induces volatile corrosion of the boron nitride (BN) interphases, leading to "hollowing out" of the interfacial layer and physical separation between fibers and matrix. Further analysis of specimen fractures under different stress levels reveals that the stress level influences the water-oxygen corrosion process of the material by altering the crack opening size, thereby determining the service life. This study provides an important basis for in-depth understanding of the failure physics of the material in extreme environments,establishing life prediction models, and optimizing the design of environmental barrier coatings.
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基本信息:
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2097-017X.2026.05.008
引用信息:
[1]王雅娜,艾茔珺,栗付平,等.MI⁃SiCf/SiC 复合材料高温水氧疲劳行为与失效机理[J],2026,(05):79-86+93.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2097-017X.2026.05.008.
基金信息:
基础性军工科研院所稳定支持项目(2019‑363)
2025-12-23
2025
2026-09-15