现代交通与冶金材料

针对高速公路改扩建桥梁综合处置依赖人工经验、检评修数据利用不足以及智能模型缺乏工程约束和解释依据等问题，提出一种检评修数据驱动与知识约束融合的智能辅助决策方法。以“桥梁‑决策时点”为基本样本单元，构建桥梁基础属性、病害检测、技术状况评定、承载能力评定、维修加固历史及改扩建需求等多源特征体系，并以主导处置方向为分类标签，建立桥梁综合处置预测模型。在此基础上，进一步引入结构安全、承载能力和功能适应性等工程规则对模型输出结果进行约束校核，结合相似案例检索和多指标评价完成候选方案修正与排序。利用 SHAP 方法分析关键特征贡献，结合命中规则和相似案例形成可解释决策依据。基于模拟样本开展方法可行性验证，结果表明，在模拟样本条件下，所提方法能够形成“预测‑校核‑修正‑排序‑解释”的完整流程，融合工程规则、相似案例和多指标综合评价后，候选方案排序结果与预设模拟逻辑保持较好一致。该方法可为高速公路改扩建桥梁处置方向研判、方案比选和专家会商提供方法参考。

To address the reliance on expert experience， insufficient use of inspection – assessment –maintenance data， and the lack of engineering constraints and interpretability in intelligent models for comprehensive treatment of expressway bridges under reconstruction and expansion， this study proposes an intelligent decision-support method integrating inspection – assessment – maintenance data-driven modeling and knowledge-constrained fusion. The “bridge–decision time point” is used as the basic sample unit， and a multi-source feature system is constructed， including bridge attributes， defect inspection， technical condition assessment， load-carrying capacity evaluation， maintenance and strengthening history， and reconstruction requirements. A classification model is then developed using the dominant treatment direction as the label. Engineering rules concerning structural safety， load-carryingcapacity， and functional adaptability are introduced to verify and constrain the model outputs. Similar case retrieval and multi-criteria evaluation are further used to adjust and rank candidate schemes.SHAP is used to identify key feature contributions， while triggered rules and similar cases provide interpretable evidence. Validation using simulated samples shows that the proposed method can form an integrated process of prediction， constraint checking， adjustment， ranking， and interpretation. Under the simulated sample conditions， the ranking results of candidate schemes are generally consistent with the preset simulation logic. The method can provide methodological support for treatment direction determination， scheme comparison， and expert consultation in expressway reconstruction and expansion projects.